Hoplite Revolution

Ancient Greek Warfare: "The class were permanent soldiers, all considered equals amongst themselves, supported by a large force of helot labor. Sparta became the pre-eminent hoplite power in the Greek world, with the rest of the Greek world following suit. The Spartan male at the age of seven was subject to the rigorous discipline of a comprehensive state education. He was obligated to participate in competitions, success in which tested three of the qualifications essential for success in hoplite warfare - a sense of rhythm, physical fitness, and unflinching toughness. At the age of 18 the Spartan was either used to help train younger boys or join in a secret police force called the krypteia, used against the Messenian helots.

In this secret police force, Spartans are charged with killing any helot found wandering after dark. The goal was to train a Spartan to be a competent killer in war. The trick was to not get caught, which taught the Spartan youth to be quick and able to evade capture. Spartan youths who were caught murdering helots would be subject to strict punishment, not just for the murder but for the inability to avoid being caught."